Influência da pesquisa, desenvolvimento e fatores contingenciais no desempenho financeiro do setor energético brasileiro
Palavras-chave:
Pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), Fatores Contingenciais, RBV, Setor energéticoResumo
Objetivou-se analisar a influência da pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e fatores contingenciais como temperatura, emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO₂), covid-19 e inflação no desempenho financeiro do setor energético brasileiro. Para isso, utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, com uma amostra de 58 empresas listadas na B3 nos anos de 2010 a 2021. Adotou-se como medidas de desempenho ROA, ROI, Margem Líquida e Q de Tobin. Considerou-se como variáveis independentes gastos com P&D, temperatura e emissão de CO₂ e para as análises empregou-se a técnica de regressão linear múltipla. Foi observado que a P&D apresentou relação positiva com o desempenho quando defasada em três anos. Ademais, a temperatura e a emissão de CO₂ também apresentaram relação positiva com o desempenho. Esta pesquisa contribui para a literatura ao observar a influência da P&D no desempenho a partir da teoria da RBV e propor que a inovação pode aumentar as vantagens competitivas para as organizações. Além disso, também contribui por examinar os efeitos de fatores contingenciais no desempenho do setor energético, apresentando a importância de avaliar a influência dos fatores externos no resultado da empresa, e auxilia os investidores e agentes econômicos por abordar análises de empresas de capital aberto, apontando possíveis influências da P&D e fatores contingenciais na relação desempenho. Aponta-se como relevante neste estudo que a P&D apresenta resultado positivo no desempenho em função da análise temporal. Outrossim, a RBV não observa os fatores contingenciais, os quais apresentam correlações significativas com os resultados do setor energético.
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