Avaliação comparativa de um coagulante orgânico e um inorgânico na clarificação da vinhaça: otimização da dosagem para a redução da DBO₅ e da turbidez.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18226/25253824.v10.n15.04Palavras-chave:
Vinhaça, clarificação, redução de DBO₅, remoção de turbidez, policloreto de alumínioResumo
A poluição ambiental causada pela vinassa, um subproduto da destilação de álcool caracterizado por alta carga orgânica e turbidez, representa um desafio significativo para a sustentabilidade das destilarias e a qualidade dos ecossistemas aquáticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as doses ótimas de coagulantes orgânicos e inorgânicos para a redução da Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO₅) e turbidez na vinassa por meio da clarificação. A Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR) foi utilizada para avaliar combinações de coagulantes e floculantes em um sistema padrão de coagulação–floculação. Os principais achados foram: (1) a combinação do coagulante orgânico Lipesa 1700 com o floculante Lipesa 1587A foi a mais eficaz, alcançando um coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 96,07% para a redução tanto da DBO₅ quanto da turbidez; (2) a otimização identificou as doses ótimas de 2347,47 mg/L de Lipesa 1700 e 20 mg/L de Lipesa 1587A, com DBO₅ ajustada de 17121,0 mg O₂/L e turbidez ajustada de 7084,32 NTU; e (3) o coagulante inorgânico Lipesa AC005 apresentou menor precisão preditiva (R² = 62,24% para DBO₅ e R² = 62,25% para turbidez), indicando menor eficácia na clarificação da vinassa. Em conclusão, o uso de coagulantes orgânicos proporciona maior eficiência na redução de contaminantes, embora sua aplicação industrial deva considerar os custos operacionais e o manejo dos resíduos gerados.
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