Evaluación comparativa de un coagulante orgánico y uno inorgánico en la clarificación de vinaza: optimización de la dosis para la reducción de la DBO₅ y la turbidez.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18226/25253824.v10.n15.04Palabras clave:
Vinaza, clarificación, reducción de DBO₅, remoción de turbidez, cloruro de polialuminioResumen
La contaminación ambiental causada por la vinaza, un subproducto de la destilación del alcohol caracterizado por su alta carga orgánica y turbidez, representa un desafío significativo para la sostenibilidad de las destilerías y la calidad de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las dosis óptimas de coagulantes orgánicos e inorgánicos para reducir la Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO₅) y la turbidez de la vinaza mediante clarificación. Se utilizó la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta (RSM, por sus siglas en inglés) para evaluar combinaciones de coagulantes y floculantes en un sistema estándar de coagulación–floculación. Los principales hallazgos fueron: (1) la combinación del coagulante orgánico Lipesa 1700 y el floculante Lipesa 1587A fue la más efectiva, alcanzando un coeficiente de determinación (R²) de 96,07% para la reducción tanto de DBO₅ como de turbidez; (2) la optimización identificó dosis óptimas de 2347,47 mg/L de Lipesa 1700 y 20 mg/L de Lipesa 1587A, con una DBO₅ ajustada de 17121,0 mg O₂/L y turbidez ajustada de 7084,32 NTU; y (3) el coagulante inorgánico Lipesa AC005 mostró una menor precisión predictiva (R² = 62,24% para DBO₅ y R² = 62,25% para turbidez), lo que indica una menor eficacia en la clarificación de vinaza. En conclusión, el uso de coagulantes orgánicos proporciona una mayor eficiencia en la reducción de contaminantes, aunque su aplicación industrial debe considerar los costos operativos y la gestión de residuos.
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