Actividad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales de Baccharis trimera y Foeniculum vulgare para el control de la pudrición amarga en la manzana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18226/25253824.v5.n9.06Palabras clave:
Colletotrichum fructicola, controlo alternativo, aceite esencial, Malus domesticaResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición química de los aceites esenciales (AE) de Baccharis trimera y Foeniculum vulgare y su efecto in vitro e in vivo en el control de Colletotricum fructicola, agente causante de la pudrición amarga en manzanas. La composición química de los AE se determinó por GC-MS, y su efecto contra C. fructicola se evaluó in vitro mediante crecimiento micelial y germinación de conidios, e in vivo mediante la reducción de síntomas de enfermedad en poscosecha de manzanas. El principal compuesto identificado en el EO de B. trimera fue el acetato de carchejilo (74,71%) y en el EO de F. vulgare estragol (88,47%). En las pruebas in vitro, el OE de B. trimera mostró acción fungistática, mientras que el OE de F. vulgare mostró acción fungicida sobre el crecimiento micelial. Ambos AE inhibieron completamente la germinación de conidios de C. fructicola. En la prueba in vivo, los AE evaluados fueron ineficaces para reducir la gravedad de la enfermedad causada por C. fructicola, tanto en el tratamiento preventivo como curativo. Estos resultados son prometedores e indican que los AE pueden investigarse mejor como una alternativa natural a los fungicidas sintéticos para el control de la pudrición amarga en manzanas debido a su efecto fungicida in vitro.
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