Extensive Necrotizing Fasciitis with Fasciotomy and Neuropraxia of the Right Fibular Nerve in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Relevance of a Multidisciplinary Approach

Abstract

Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF) is a severe bacterial infection that affects subcutaneous tissues and fascia, leading to extensive and progressive necrosis. The occurrence of NF in children is rare and is often associated with predisposing factors such as skin injuries from trauma, varicella, or immunosuppression. The disease poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its lower frequency in this age group and has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, with a mortality rate of up to 60% of cases. This article reports the case of a male patient, 11 years old, treated at the Pediatric Department of the General Hospital of Caxias do Sul (HGCS), diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis following bacterial tonsillitis. The case report addresses the initial presentation, which included nonspecific signs requiring differential diagnosis, as well as the complex management involving extensive surgical interventions, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and multidisciplinary support. By presenting this case, we aim to contribute to the enhancement of medical knowledge about necrotizing fasciitis, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary collaboration, and immediate treatment to minimize complications and improve prognosis in pediatric patients.